Help

See also online docs, for example how to use -e is covered under Editable installs.

$ pip install --help

Usage:
  pip install [options] <requirement specifier> [package-index-options] ...
  pip install [options] -r <requirements file> [package-index-options] ...
  pip install [options] [-e] <vcs project url> ...
  pip install [options] [-e] <local project path> ...
  pip install [options] <archive url/path> ...

Install from requirements file

Set the version.

  • requirements.txt for PyPI: 
      foo>=0.2
  • requirement.txt for GitHub: 
      -e git+https://github.com/FooBar/baz.git@master

Then install from the file.

$ pip install -r requirements.txt

Install using CLI

Or install the version directly. Note the quotes help to escape characters.

  • Install from PyPI: 
      $ pip install 'foo>=0.2'
  • Install from GitHub: 
      $ pip install -e git+https://github.com/FooBar/baz.git@master

You omit a version, though this can be dangerous for upgrading or setting up environments for import projects. If you omit a version, you’ll get the latest.

$ pip install foo

But note that command has no version number requested. So if you run the command repeatedly, you won’t ever get a new version, except on a fresh install.

Handle install errors

Certificate verify failed

I had this where the host works fine the Docker build process fails.

I get this error on the build but it works fine on the host.

ERROR: Could not install packages due to an OSError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host=’files.pythonhosted.org’, port=443):

Max retries exceeded with url: /packages/f6/cf/3857a79c39f451a445f9afc836199fde92a942850808f97bcc396ed6dc64/langchain_community-0.2.15-py3-none-any.whl.metadata

(Caused by SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, ‘[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: self-signed certificate in certificate chain (_ssl.c:1000)’)))

Solution:

$ pip install --trusted-host pypi.org --trusted-host files.pythonhosted.org ...

Or update CA certificates:

$ apt-get update && apt-get install -y ca-certificates