From source.

Command Description
docker ps List currently running docker containers:
docker ps -a List all docker containers (running and stopped)
docker run --rm IMAGE Start a container from an image, with a random name
docker run --rm --name CONTAINER_NAME IMAGE Start a container from an image, with a custom name
docker run --rm -p 80:8080 IMAGE Expose and publish ports of a server
docker start|stop CONTAINER_NAME Start or stop an existing container
docker pull IMAGE Pull an image from a docker registry
docker exec -it CONTAINER_NAME bash Open a shell inside of an already running container
docker rm CONTAINER_NAME Remove a stopped container:
docker logs -f CONTAINER_NAME Fetch and follow the logs of a container